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Showing 18 results for Model

Mohammad Hakkak, Seyed Ali Hozni, Neda Shahsiah, Tahereh Akhlaghi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract

Background: Recently, health authorities in the world have been applying accreditation standards to improve the quality and safety of healthcare services, which is also a priority of the Ministry of Health in Iran. This study was conducted to design a hospital accreditation model.
Methods: This study was part of a qualitative study with Grounded Theory approach aimed at explaining the experiences and understanding of knowledgeable and responsible people in the hospital accreditation process using interviews which was conducted in 2015 in the hospitals of Gilan province. The targeted sampling consisted of 3 nurses, 4 matrons, 3 managers, and 5 accredited experts. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Data analysis was carried out using 3 steps coding model (open, axial, selective) by MaxQDA 10  software. To obtain data validity and reliability, 2 methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the study were used.
Results: Data were analyzed and categorized in 134 components, 32 concepts and 6 main factors and the applied model was designed.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of accreditation and lack of research, with a modeling and applied approach, it is necessary for planners to pay attention to the presented issues and problems at the macro level.
 
Salime Zare Abdollahi , Reza Tavakoli , Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract

Background: Stool sampling for cholera diagnosis of clients to health homes has significant effects on provision and maintenance of rural people health if it is done properly and regularly. However, the status of doing this behavior have not addressed in the studies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine determinates of stool sampling behavior for cholera diagnosis of clients to health homes among health workers in Taft city based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 90 health workers of Taft city which entered the study by census in 2016. Date collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire including the subscales of knowledge, susceptibility, severity, perceived benefits and barriers as well as cues to action, self-efficacy, and stool sampling behavior for cholera diagnosis. Its validity was approved by a panel of expert and its reliability was approved by accounting Cronbach alpha in a pilot study (n = 20). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and using mean and standard deviation and the relationship between constructs and demographic variables were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression tests.
Results: In this study, 20 % of the participants reported that they always do stool sampling for cholera diagnosis correctly and only 13.3 % reported that they always do sampling for the suspected cases to the disease. The mean score of knowledge, susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy were 55.71 ± 9.37 (22-66 possible range), 28.88 ± 3.24 (10-50 possible range), 12.01 ± 1.44 (3-15 possible range), 22.59 ± 5.26 (7-35 possible range), 42.34 ± 9.87 (11-55 possible range), 11.62 ± 2.81 (3-15 possible range) and 45.03 ± 7.54 (10-50 possible range), respectively. The HBM constructs accounted for 14 % of variance in stool sampling behavior which amongst perceived susceptibility (β = 0.271) and cues to action (β = 0.377) were the significant predictors.
Conclusion: The knowledge level of health workers in health homes regarding stool sampling for cholera diagnosis was at desirable level; however, the behavior was not so adequate. The Health Belief Model is a relatively suitable framework for promoting the behavior. Continuing and reinforcement of the HBM based programs with emphasizing on cues to action and perceived susceptibility are recommended.

 
Shapour Badiee Aval , Amin Adel , Sayed Javad Hosseini, Hossein Ebrahimipour, Elaheh Askarzadeh ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract

Background: Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency is one of the main issues in hospitals. Utilization of a hospital bed is important in determining the hospital's efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Health Evolution plan on the performance indicators of hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 22 hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013 and 2017 to investigate the effect of Health Evolution Plan. The study population included all hospitals (N = 28) affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study samples consisted of 22 hospitals, which were active at the time of study.  The data were collected by referring to the statistical unit of the studied hospitals and extracting the functional indicators. Data analysis was performed using the Pabon Lasso chart in Excel software and SPSS 16. Furthermore, paired t-test was used to determine the relationship.
Results: In 2013 and 2017, the highest bed occupancy rates were 86.55 and 94.27 %, respectively; whereas, the lowest rates were 48.20 and 54.21 %, respectively. The maximum numbers of bed turnover were 144.28 and 184.97 before and after the health evolution, respectively. However, the lowest rates were 7.45 and 8.85 before and after the health evolution, respectively. Moreover, the average daily hospital admission rates before the program were 40.10 and 6.33days in the studied years, respectively. After the plan, admission rates were 38.41 and 8.00 days in 2013 and 2017, respectively. The lowest admission rates before and after the plan were 1.51 and 1.41 days, respectively. A significant difference was observed between before and after implementation of plan regarding the percentage of bed occupancy, the average hospitalization period in days, and bed turnover (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: After implementation of the Health Promotion Plan, favorable changes happened in the hospital status on the Pabon Lasso chart. Continuation of this program and its regular monitoring can improve the performance indicators of the hospitals.
 

Jalal Rezaenoor, Ghofran Saadi , Amirhosein Akbari ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract

Background: Considering the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Iran and the high rate of death caused by these diseases, correct prediction of patients' situation is important. So, it is necessary to use the prediction models with minimum error and maximum reliability. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to evaluate the patients who had myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure.
Methods: In this study, data of 497 patients were extracted from medical records who they  were hospitalized in Ayatollah Golpayegani Hospital in Qom in 2018. In this regard, 19 important features of these profiles were extracted and a particular type of ANN called the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with Back propagation algorithm was used to evaluate the status of patients with heart failure. The sigmoid transfer function and tangent sigmoid transfer function were selected and trained using 19 neurons in the input layer, 6 neurons in the middle layer, and 75 % of the existing data. Neural network training was done using Matlab software.
Results: The mean square error was 0.35 prior to data normalization, which reduced to 0.04 after data standardizing using the minimum and maximum method. The accuracy of the predictive model reached 89.50 % on the validation dataset. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model, it seems to have a good predictive power to classify patients accurately.
Conclusion: This study, a neural network model was developed, which could predict heart failures accurately. The prediction is based on the use of a series of individual and clinical variables such as age, gender, shortness of breath, changes in blood pressure, and some blood tests. In this study, we tried to use important and low-cost factors for predicting heart disease, so that all people can be aware of their diseases with a lowest cost.
 

Zahra Maesoumi, Mehdi Sanei , Hadi Hematian ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Background: Policies will be communicated to administrators after being drafted and approved. Sometimes, they undergo changes at the implementation stage that remove them from their goals. The aim of this study was to provide a model to improve the quality of policy implementation in the health system of Iran.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2018. In order to collect the required information, a library method was used by not taking tool and in the second field stage, exploratory interviewing tool was applied. The study population consisted of the senior managers in the Ministry of Health, heads of the medical universities, and government hospitals. In this research, targeted and snowball sampling methods were used to select the interviewees. A total of 33 interviews were conducted. For analysis of the data, the database analysis was used and for modeling a system attitude was applied. Also, for the purpose of model testing, narrative interviews were used.
Results: After recording the collected data and removing the repetitive components of the exploratory interviews and research background,
115 statements were identified. After the open encryption, 115 concepts were introduced. Finally, by axial and selective encodings, 9 components were determined: general culture, structure, information, policy quality, implementation style, rules and regulations, resource allocation, empowerment, and environment. Each of these components had dimensions and characteristics, which made a total of 46 indicators associated with capacity building of the health system policies.
Conclusion:  Improved quality of the policies' implementation in various layers of the health system leads to a mutual trust between the health system of Iran and various levels of the target community, increases motivation, strengthens the spirit of cooperation, improves sharing efforts and teamwork among the executives, and provides an optimal context for emergence of creativity and innovation in implementation of policies, promotes health indicators in the community, and gains credibility for the health system of Iran.

Arman Bahari , Farzaneh Asadi ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Background: Simulation is an appropriate technique for analyzing and evaluating the dynamic behavior of complex systems. The present study aimed to develop an integrated model using a simulation approach based on designing experiments to analyze performance of the admission queue system of patients, who referred to the emergency department of the Modarres hospital.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, effective variables on resource efficiency empowerment were identified and analyzed using inferential statistics and one-way ANOVA. Later, effects of the effective factors were estimated. Furthermore, performance of the emergency department system was simulated using the Visual Paradigm software. Results obtained from implementation of the simulation model were used as input for designing an experiment. A fully factorial 2-level experiment design was also used with central points. The independent variables studied in the simulation model included practical nurse, emergency secretary, nurse, cardiologist, and hospital bed. The dependent variable was the patients' waiting queue in the studied emergency department.
Results: According to Prob > F value, the acceptable effects were determined based on the results of variance analysis for the model. The value of R2 indicated that 82.35% of the model explains all variability of the response-level data around the mean. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design space was in accordance with the estimated model based on the results of variance analysis.
Conclusion: In the present study, performance analysis of the emergency department queue system was conducted using simulation and experiment design. The nonlinear regression model was able to predict the queue length. Moreover, this model can be used to predict dependent variables considering acceptable factors. According to the results, minimum length of the queue is obtained when the number of emergency secretaries is at a high level and the number of practical nurses and nurses is at a low level.

Mojtaba Najib Jalali , Ali Vafaee Najar, Jamshid Jamali, Elaheh Hooshmand,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract

Background: Understanding the "patient experience" is a key step in moving towards patient-centered care. The purpose of this study is to design a patient experience evaluation model to evaluate the effective components in the patient experience in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This was a comparative descriptive study conducted using databases and information resources and based on a comprehensive review, and the models used in other parts of the world were extracted based on the research protocol and entered into a comparative matrix. The reliability of the extracted framework was verified using the agreement coefficient of the parties. In order to validate the model, the questions were prepared in the form of a questionnaire and validated by the specialists of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during two-round Delphi using SPSS 16 software.
Results: In this study, 10 models were obtained for evaluating patient experience in different countries, each of which was composed of several dimensions and some of them had overlap. The models included American model (8 dimensions), Swedish model (10 dimensions), British first model (7 dimensions), British second model (8 dimensions), Scotland model (6 dimensions), Hong Kong model (9 dimensions), Norway first model (6 dimensions), Norway second model (5 dimensions), India model (10 dimensions), and the model of Ethiopia (5 dimensions). The final model with 10 dimensions and 29 sub- dimensions was approved and validated.
Conclusion: The results showed that the suitable pattern for Iran had 10 dimensions and 29 sub-dimensions. Among the dimensions, respect for the patient's privacy and dignity had the highest score and the way patients are discharged from the hospital had the lowest score.

Hassan Shahsavaran, Kamran Hajinabi, Behzad Houshmand, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majdabadi Farahani ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract

Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health and one of the necessities of a good life. Having a healthy mouth and teeth requires individual care, the development and implementation of community-based intervention programs, and professional care. The purpose of this study was to design a model for the management of dental services in Iran.
 Methods: This was an applied research in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of implementation method, and a survey research in terms of descriptive typology. The statistical population included dental experts. To conduct the study among policy makers, planners, managers, university professors and the staff of the dental services, dental experts were chosen using purposive non-probability sampling for in-depth interviews based on grounded theory method to collect indicators of dental services management for providing a suitable selection model. To reach theoretical saturation, the text of the interviews was analyzed, phrase by phrase and sentence by sentence, through constant comparative analysis. For analysis, the grounded theory method was used, and the collected data were coded in 3 steps. In order to assess the validity of the research regarding interviews, the participants' feedback and the opinions of colleagues were used. To ensure the reliability of the interviews, 2 methods of test-retest and double coding were used. In this study, Delphi method was used in designing the model.

Results: According to the obtained model, 29 factors were effective in managing dental services. The obtained indicators were included in the Delphi survey. During the Delphi stages, consensus was reached on 29 indicators  which were classified into 5 dimensions (components) including planning, organizing, mobilizing of resources and facilities, guiding, monitoring and controlling.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a 5-component model is suitable for the management of dental services in Iran, and health planners and policy makers can use it to improve the delivery of dental services.

 

Rooholah Askari, Sara Jambarsang, Raziyeh Montazeralfaraj , Reyhaneh Sadat Mirhosini,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract

Background: Health promotion includes the concepts of health education, disease prevention and rehabilitation services. Accordingly, the implementation of standards and indicators of health promotion in hospitals is necessary to ensure the quality of the services provided. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of implementing a health promotion hospital plan on the awareness of hospitalized cardiac patients in selected educational hospitals in Yazd.
Methods: This was an interventional study, which was performed on 62 cardiac patients referred to 2 selected educational hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. 31 patients from Afshar Hospital (the case group), and 31 patients from Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (the control group) were selected by purposive sampling method. In the case group, in addition to the routine trainings, the subjects received face to face and group educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model and the Guidelines to the American Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Association for 3 months, and were finally given an educational package. The samples in the control group also underwent routine training. Data analysis was performed using a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model, before the educational intervention and 3 months after, using SPSS 23 software, Chi-square and independent t-tests.
Results: Awareness scores in the case and control groups before the intervention were 7.90 ± 4.01 and 10.67 ± 5.31, and after the intervention were 21 ± 1.61 and 11.54 ± 5.31 respectively, and a significant difference was seen in the scores of the post-intervention group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The implementation of the health promotion hospital plan can be effective in increasing the awareness and improving the performance of cardiac patients. Therefore, it is recommended for hospitals to move towards health promotion.
Aynaz Bagherzadi, Hosein Habibzadeh, Alireza Didarloo, Hamidreza Khalkhali,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract

Background: Health belief model is a preventive model for health problems such as heart diseases. The aim of this study was defining the effect of educational intervention according to the health belief model on the beliefs of patients with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome regarding preventive behaviors of readmission.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Convenience sampling was done on patients with the primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, discharging from Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital of Urmia, who were randomly selected and put into 2 groups of intervention and control (35 subjects). A researcher- made questionnaire titled “preventive behaviors of cardiac disease and readmission” was used just before, 1, and 3 months after the intervention. For statistical analysis, multiple comparisons of Bonferroni, t-test, chi-square and SPSS 17 software were used.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of all the studied areas were not significantly different in the 2 groups of intervention and control (p > 0.05), indicating that the scores of the 2 groups were similar before the study. 
But, after calculating the difference between the mean scores of preventive behaviors regarding readmission, in the areas of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and preventive behaviors regarding readmission 1 month after the intervention, and in the areas of knowledge, perceived barriers, and guidelines for preventive behaviors and actions regarding readmission 3 months after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The intervention, 1 and 3 months after the implementation, had no effect on the perceived sensitivity and benefits of heart patients (p > 0.05). 
Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of implementing the health belief model on health beliefs and preventive behaviors regarding Readmission, it is possible to improve health behaviors by holding regular training sessions and following up on patients’ status, and prevent from patients’ Readmission and hospitalization costs, which also increases the quality of their life.
Zakiyeh Rahimi, Roohollah Babaki, Mahnaz Efati,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract

Abstract
Background: In recent decades, the human development index has become one of the most practical indicators for measuring the level of development in countries. There are several factors that affect the human development index, including health expenditures that increase human development along with manpower and physical capital. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health costs on human development index for the period 2005-18.
Methods: The present study examined the effects of health on human development index in different countries. The study population includes 187 countries with 3 types of divisions (continental, oil and income distribution). The data used by the World Bank were collected and analyzed using data panel regression or composite data.
Results: Findings from estimation of models indicated that health expenditures in continents of Europe, South America, Africa and Oceania had a positive and significant effect on human development index. But in Asia, the effect of health expenditure was negative and significant. The effect of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the continents of Asia, North and South America, Africa and Oceania had been positive and significant, but it was positive and insignificant in continental Europe. In oil-rich countries, the effect of educational expenditures, GDP per capita on human development index was positive and significant, but the effect of health expenditures was positive and insignificant. Also, the effect of mortality index on human development index had been negative and significant. Similar results had been obtained for non-oil countries, albeit with different coefficients. The percentage of health expenditures, compared with GDP, had a direct and significant relationship with the human development index in countries with relatively equal and relatively unequal income distribution; considering the fact that this value for the group of countries with completely unequal income distribution suggested an insignificant value in the model. The percentage of educational expenditures showed a direct and significant relationship on human development in all income groups, and GDP per capita for all groups with different income distributions had a significant and direct effect on the human development index. Also, the under-5 mortality rate in all groups with different income distributions had an inverse and significant relationship with the human development index.
Conclusion: Results showed a significant effect of health expenditures on improvement of the health status and development of the studied countries except oil countries, North America and countries with unequal income distribution. Furthermore, increasing the cost of health care is an important step in achieving countries' development goals. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and policy makers of the health system to consider the efficiency in allocating health expenditures to different sectors.

 
Ali Akbar Moosavinezhadnaini, Mohammad Tamimi, Allah Karam Salehi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract

Background: Measuring the hospitals financial performance in the health care system is of great importance. This is because hospitals with good financial performance can maintain reliable systems and provide necessary resources to improve quality. The aim of this study was to measure, compare and rank the financial performance of social security hospitals based on their size using a dynamic network data envelopment analysis model.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using information sources in social security hospitals. Data were collected from financial statements from 2016 to 2019. The network efficiency analysis of the units was performed by GAMS 28 software.
Results: According to the findings from 50 hospitals, among the hospitals with less than 100 active beds, the highest financial performance score belonged to Aras Ardabil hospital (0.79) and the lowest to Shabikhani Kashan hospital (0.24). Among the hospitals with 100 to 200 active beds, the highest financial performance score was obtained by Gharzi Malayer hospital (0.78) and the lowest by Imam Reza Islamshahr hospital (0.27). Imam Reza Urmia hospital with a score of 0.87 and Beheshti Shiraz hospital with a score of 0.39, achieved the highest and lowest financial performance in the dynamic network usage, among the hospitals with more than 200 active beds.
Conclusion: Using the dynamic network data envelopment analysis model, the researchers measured the input and output of each decision-making unit over time. They also provided information about the system and internal structure in order to achieve overall efficiency. It is suggested that policymakers and hospital managers abandon the idea that a higher input rate determines a higher level of efficiency. They need to consider the compatibility of hospital size and internal structure in order to improve efficiency.
 
Vali Haddadi , Javad Mehrabi, Mohammad Ataee,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract

Background: As a job design technique, job enrichment emphasizes intra-job motivation in job duties and responsibilities to achieve appropriate behavioral outcomes. The present study aims to design and explain a job enrichment model considering the behavioral dimension of employees in Social Security Organization.
Methods: The research method was conducted based on qualitative content analysis and testing structural equations from quantitative perspective. Qualitative data were collected by semi-structured interviews with a purposive judgmental sampling. It was conducted on 14 people (academic experts, managers and deputies of Tehran's Social Security Organization). Researchers collected quantitative data by a 66-item questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale distributed among 327 employees of Tehran's Social Security Organization. It was done through Cochran's formula and convenience sampling method. Coding approach was used to analyze qualitative data, and the interview scripts and the SEM test in the Smart PLS 2 package were used to test the hypotheses.
Results: Qualitative findings focused on components such as job policymaking (developing job resource, recruitment structure, and job brand; and job responsibilities' management); trends in job enrichment (enriching the core job characteristics, job knowledge characteristics, and job social characteristics); employee's job psychological perceptions; environmental factors (working environment conditions, organization and team's climate, organizational culture, leadership style); behavioral responses (attitudes, performance, motivation; behavioral, cognitive, psychological well-beings) in the structure of job enrichment. Quantitative findings also indicated that the components of job policymaking and environmental factors have a significant effect on the dynamics of trends in job enrichment. Trends in job enrichment, in turn, have direct and indirect impacts on the components of behavioral responses through employees' psychological perceptions.
Conclusion: This study's paradigm emphasizes the importance of a holistic view with a dynamic capability for job enrichment. Accordingly, 2 factors of job policymaking and intra- organizational environmental factors should be considered by insurance organizations to increase the opportunities for self-realization of job enrichment.
 
Seyed Ali Salehi Koocheh Baghi , Maryam Rahmaty, Davood Kia Kojouri ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract

Background: Considering the high goals of an organization, one of the most important tasks of organizations is to motivate employees as the strategic assets of the organization. The phenomenon of organizational insentience has been one of the main challenges in recent years and refers to a situation in which employees of the organization are not motivated toward their organizational environment. Accordingly, the present study aims to develop the scale of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methods: The present study was conducted through a mixed method in 2022. The qualitative part has been done using the grounded theory approach and based on semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 21 experts selected through purposive and snowball samplings. Furthermore, the quantitative part has been done by the structural equations modeling with partial least squares approach and Smart PLS3 software. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part included all the executives (110 people) of the Tehran Red Crescent Organization. With a random sampling method based on Cochran formula, 85 people were selected, and for further confidence and reducing the sampling error, 90 individuals were selected for the sample. To collect data in a quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire regarding organizational insentience derived from the research model was used. It included 34 items in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and combined reliability and validity were assessed through the construct validity method, both of which were confirmed based on the results.
Results: In the qualitative part, after 3 stages of open, central and selective coding, the research model including 6 main categories (central category; causal, intervening, and background conditions; strategies and consequences of organizational insentience) and 29 sub-categories were presented. The results of the quantitative part showed that causal conditions with a significant value of (0.001) and path coefficient of (0.725) had a significant and positive effect on the central category, and intervening conditions with a significant value of (0.003) and path coefficient of (0.221), background conditions with a significant value of (0.002) and path coefficient of (0.410) and central category with a significant value of (0.023) and path coefficient of (0.334) had a positive and significant effect on strategies. Moreover, strategies with a significant value of (0.001) and path coefficient of (0.347) had a positive and significant effect on the individual and organizational consequences of insentience in Tehran Red Crescent population.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the model presented in this study was a suitable model for knowledge and awareness of managers in the field of concepts and categories affecting organizational insentience. Therefore, it is recommended that the managers of the Red Crescent Society use the model presented in this study to minimize the phenomenon of organizational insentience and increase employees' productivity.


 
Sara Souri , Mohammad Ghaffari , Hossein Shirazi, Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract

Background: Medical tourism industry as a service industry needs to take measures including branding to attract and retain tourists. This study was conducted with the aim of improving branding in medical centers active in medical tourism, through the test of the brand citizenship behavior development model of employees, which was calculated from a qualitative research based on the Foundation Data Model.
Methods: The current field-survey research was conducted on a sample of 384 employees in contact with patients, 10 hospitals with admission departments for international patients in Tehran city, selected using convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha index and composite reliability, and its validity was evaluated using content validity and construct validity. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling using SPSS 22 and Smart Pls 3 software.
Results: All research hypotheses were confirmed, including the effect of causal categories in the three dimensions of organization, employee, and tourist on brand citizenship behavior, the effect of intervening and foundational categories on comprehensive marketing and branding planning except for organizational justice and social responsibility of the organization, the impact of brand citizenship behavior on the comprehensive planning of marketing and branding and finally the effect of brand citizenship behavior by mediation of comprehensive planning of marketing and branding on the consequences related to tourists, organizations, employees and extra-organizations. The evaluation of the structural part of the model and the relationship between the internal and external construct also indicated the optimal fit of the model.
Conclusion: Attracting the support of employees in the direction of extra-role behaviors that strengthen brand identity and benefit from its positive organizational and extra-organizational results, requires the attention of managers and relevant officials to various organizational, managerial, individual, etc. factors. Moreover, creating a strong brand in medical centers requires comprehensive planning to increase the participation of employees of these centers.

 
Effat Jahanbani , Mohammad Kaidkhordeh , Ahmad Tahmasebi-Ghorrabi , Mansour Zahiri , Seyed Mahmoud Latifi ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract

Background: Today, human power has a deep connection with organization, and the dimensions of personal and organizational life of people are intertwined in a complicated way. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a structural model of the effect of organizational climate on life satisfaction with the mediating role of job satisfaction among employees of emergency medical centers.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally in 2021. The statistical population of the research included 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz city, including the headquarters, urban and road bases, who were all included in the study using the census method. Data collection tools consisted of Halpin and Croft's organizational climate questionnaires, life satisfaction and Spector's job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling technique in Smart PLS 3 software.
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction and job satisfaction and life satisfaction in emergency medical workers in Ahvaz city. Organizational climate has a significant and positive effect on life satisfaction through the mediation of job satisfaction. According to the path coefficients, the job satisfaction variable plays a mediating role in the relationship between organizational climate and life satisfaction with 0.51 units (0.776 x 0.663). The values of Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) and Normed Fit Index (NFI) index were 0.089 and 0.571, respectively, which indicated the suitability of the presented model regarding the relationship between organizational climate, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction.
Conclusion: Considering the effect of organizational climate on life satisfaction and the mediating role of job satisfaction, it is possible to increase employees' life satisfaction by providing a favorable environment in the organization and improving job satisfaction.

Vahid Ghadam Kheyr, Ali Akbar Farhangi, Abolfazl Danaee, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract

Background: Employees are considered internal customers of the organization, and today, employee’s experience has become a prominent topic in the field of human resources. This study aims to model the factors affecting employees’ experience management in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using fuzzy interpretive structural modeling.
Methods: This applied study was descriptive-analytical conducted in 2023. 10 faculty members, managers, and staff of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected using a purposive sampling method. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) questionnaire consisting of a 7x7 matrix was then given to them, and they were asked to find the contextual relationship between the variables based on the pairwise comparison scale. In the analysis section, fuzzy interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis were used to structure and analyze the status of the factors.
Results: 7 organized themes (organizational, physical environment, technological, job, managerial, cultural, and individual factors) were identified for employees’ experience in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Findings showed that cultural and managerial factors are at the lowest level of the structure and have more influence and less dependence. In other words, these are the most influential factors on employees’ experience. Job, technology, and organizational factors were placed at the second level. In contrast, individual and physical factors were at the highest level of the structure and had less influence and more dependence on other factors.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that Mashhad University of Medical Sciences should focus on strengthening and improving cultural and managerial factors to improve employees’ experience. Additionally, attention to job, technology, and organizational factors, along with addressing individual employee’s needs and providing a favorable physical environment, are essential for employees’ effective experience management at the university. This study, by providing a comprehensive model of factors influencing employees’ experience, assists universities and other organizations in gaining a deeper understanding of this concept and developing effective strategies for its enhancement.

Masoud Ferdosi, Amin Ferdowsi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract

Objective: Payment systems in healthcare organizations are critical, behavioral, and dynamic. Given the existing challenges in payment systems, characterized by imbalances in payment amounts and inequitable ratios within and across job categories, there is a pressing need for a novel model to configure desired payment systems which proposed in this paper.
Information sources and selected methods for study: A narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with the keywords "payment methods" or "payment system" and "characteristics" or "components" and their Persian equivalents. A total of 16 articles were selected. Additionally, protocols for physician compensation methods and nursing service tariffs from the past five years were obtained and reviewed from the Ministry of Health website. Finally, a novel model was developed based on the research team's expertise and inspired by the Iranian Tar instrument.
Results: The Iranian Tar Model is introduced as a guide for configuring desired payment systems. This model incorporates six tuning pegs (sufficiency, savings, desired behavior, ease of calculation, distinction, and equity) paired in twos within three axes for configuring payment systems. The positioning of common payment systems (including salary, capitation, Fee-for-Service, and Pay for Performance methods) within the three axes of the model is examined.
Conclusion: Previous studies have addressed payment system parameters in isolation, with limited attention to their interconnectedness. The Iranian Tar Model's six interrelated tuning pegs empower organizations to effectively configure their payment system at individual, intra-group, and inter-group levels.

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