per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 1 2 article Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman urmialord@gmail.com 1 http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 3 6 article Mohammad ghasemi 1 abdolali keshtegar 2 zohreh mohammadzadeh mohammadzadeh.z.b@gmail.com 3 Associate Professor, Department of Governmental Management, School of Management and Accounting, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Governmental Management, School of Management and Accounting, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Ph.D. student of Governmental Management, School of Management and Accounting, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Nowadays, most countries of the world are dealing with covid-19, which has resulted in many economic, political, social, and health challenges. However, people in society need to interact with each other due to economic and social reasons, which make it harder to control the disease. Infectious diseases and quarantine cause widespread devastation in the lives of people in the community. Therefore, the community needs good governance in the given circumstances. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf Good governance Public value management Covid- 19 Iran per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 7 10 article Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman urmialord@gmail.com 1 Ph.D. student of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Selection of managers for the health care organizations is an important issue that should be taken into consideration by health policy makers based on meritocracy. Managerial intelligence is one of the concepts considered in the selection of managers that has different dimensions such as intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and political intelligence. For many reasons such as limitation of the health system's budget and increase of costs, economic intelligence should be added to the introduced managerial intelligence model as a separate concept http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf Manager Managerial intelligence Economic intelligence per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 11 22 article mahdi shahraki : shahraki.mehdi@gmail.com 1 simin ghaderi siminghaderi@yahoo.com 2 Assistant professor, Department of Economics, School of Management and Human Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran Assistant professor, Department of Economics, School of Management and Human Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran Background: The rate of substitution for private and public health expenditures is one of the factors that can explain the different effects of public and private health expenditures on health and life expectancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the return to scale, share, and elasticity of the substitution for public and private health expenditures in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, linear and nonlinear least squares methods were applied to study the share and elasticity in substitution of private and public health expenditures at national level in Iran during 2000-17. The study data included the annual time series data extracted from the World Bank website. The Stata 14 software was used to estimate the economic model. Results: In the nonlinear and linear models of Elasticity of Substitution Constant (CES) health function in Iran, elasticity of substitution for public and private health expenditures were 0.30 and 0.17, respectively. The return to scale in nonlinear and linear models was 0.07 and 0.15, respectively. The share of public health expenditures on life expectancy in the nonlinear and linear model was 54 and 53 % and the share of private health expenditures in these models was 46 and 47 %, respectively. Conclusion: Public and private health expenditures are poor substitutes of each other in Iran and increase of these health expenditures leads to an increase in life expectancy. A decreasing return exists to scale in public and private health expenditures on life expectancy in Iran. The share of public health expenditures is higher than the share of private health expenditures on life expectancy in Iran. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf Public & private health expenditures Elasticity of substitution Life expectancy per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 23 31 article Ahmad Jamalizadeh Ajamali4797@gmail.com 1 Zayne Haydaripour Zaynab.gostaresh@gmail.com 2 Mostafa Nasirzadeh Mnasirzadeh13@rums.ac.ir 3 talebizadehn@gmail.com 4 Mehdi Rezaii gostaresh@rums.ac.ir 5 Ali Ahmadi Ahmadi.ali4713@gmail.com 6 Fatameh Nezhadtorshab nezhadtorshab@gmail.com 7 Zahra Esmaili Zahra.amifatameh52@gmail.com 8 Mina Hoseini Mina.amarzisti@gmail.com 9 MD, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran MD, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Assistant Professor, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran MSc in Microbiology, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran BSc in Medical Documents, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran BSc in General Hygiene, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran BSc in Midwife, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran BSc in Nursing, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran MSc in Biostatistics, Deputy of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Background: The durability of physicians working in the family physician program is one of the most important factors in effective implementation of this program. This study aimed to investigate the individual, organizational, and environmental factors affecting the family physicians' durability in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using census method among family physicians active in Rafsanjan rural family physician program during 2013-2017. The data collection tool included a questionnaire designed by experienced experts in the field of family physician program that contained the participants' demographic characteristics as well as organizational and environmental factors. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were confirmed by cronbach's alpha of 0.86. The questionnaires were completed through interviews and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: Based on the findings, 53 (84 %) physicians were female and 10 (16 %) were males. The average age of participants was 32.62 years and their average collaboration lasted about 36.83 months. The family physicians' durability was inversely associated with their interests in 'continuing education', 'being single', 'camping outdoor' and 'doing something else' (p < 0.05). The results of logistic regression showed the physicians' interest in continuing education as the most important factor in their lack of durability. Conclusion: According to the results, consideration of personal factors, in comparison with other factors, has a great effect on the durability of family physicians. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf Family physician Satisfaction Health networks Persistence physicians per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 32 43 article Mohsen Pakdaman Mohsen66pakdaman@gmail.com 1 Sajjad Bahariniya sajjadbahari98@gmail.com 2 Sara Gravandi 3 Mohammad Zarezadeh zamomehdi@gmail.com 4 Mahdieh Khaleghi Muri mah.khaleghi.ph@gmail.com 5 Assistant Professor, Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran MSc student in Healthcare Management, Health Policy and Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Ph.D. student of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran BSc in Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Background: Cost analysis is a management tool that helps the researchers to identify and manage high costs. The purpose of the present study was to calculate the cost of day bed and patient bed in the ear, nose, and throat departments of a teaching hospital and a private hospital in Yazd City, Iran. Methods: The present descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study was conducted in the ear, nose, and throat departments of a teaching hospital and a private hospital in Yazd in 2016. Data were collected by studying the relevant documents and checklists. Data were analyzed using Excel software. Results: The costs of day bed occupancy were calculated as 7286715 rials and 2386715 rials in the ear, nose, and throat departments of the private and educational hospitals, respectively. The cost of a private hospital day bed was much higher than that of a training hospital considering the tariff approved in 2016. Income per patient per day was obtained as 2204643 rials in educational hospital and 1500130 rials in the private hospital. The income per patient per day was higher in the teaching hospital than the private hospital. Conclusion: Hospitals should have a precise financial system in order to manage the day bed pricing based on the final costs and have realistic day bed costs. Given the high cost of staffing, hospitals should pay close attention to control these costs. Hospitals also need to adopt appropriate processes to consume the consumables logically and reduce their costs. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf Price period Day bed Patient day Ear nose and throat ward Educational hospital Private hospital per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 44 59 article Siamak Kazemi Asl s.kazemi@behdasht.gov.ir 1 Azita Jaberi azita635@yahoo.com 2 Ali Reza Safarpour safarpourar@gmail.com 3 Majid Reza Farrokhi farokhim@sums.ac.ir 4 Ladan Zarshenas zarshenasster@gmail.com 5 Manoosh Mehrabi mehrabi.manoosh@gmail.com 6 Associate Professor, Strategic Reading of Education and Development Center of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Community based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Assistant Professor, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Professor, Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Associate Professor, Community based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Assistant professor, Department of e-Learning in Medical Sciences, Virtual School, Center of Excellence for e-Learning, Shiraz University of medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Background: Centers of excellence are organizations with prominent activities in a specific field and are capable of delivering quality services using specialized equipment, innovative techniques, and modern technologies. They can also bring financial benefits and cost recovery to their organizations. So, promoting the independence of these organizations plays a critical role in maintaining sustainable competition in their future efforts. The purpose of this study was to develop goals and challenges of independence for centers of excellence. Methods: This was a qualitative content analysis study including semi-structured interviews with 7 individuals from centers of excellence affiliated to medical sciences. Purposive sampling method was conducted and continued until data saturation was met. Interview transcripts were analyzed by coding and classifying the concepts into categories and subcategories. Later, the MaxQDA 10 software was used for further analysis.  Results: According to the participants, a number of prerequisites (such as goals and strategies) are required to secure independence and authority of Iranian centers of excellence. Such independence has some distinct dimensions such as financial and human resources. Furthermore, participants identified the possible obstacles and challenges (such as: bureaucratic processes and failure to delegate authority) with regard to the independence of these centers and proposed solutions to tackle them (such as internal and external evaluations and accreditation). Conclusion: Based on the interviews and analyses, before granting independence to the scientific poles of the country, it is necessary to consider such as prerequisites, determining the desired dimensions in the independence of the poles, solving the challenges ahead and providing solutions. Also, the results can be used to set up independence regulations for policy makers to support them during the process of the independence of the poles. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf Health policy Centers of excellence for medical sciences Independence of centers of excellence Qualitative research per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 60 68 article Mohammad Ranjbar ranjbar3079@gmail.com 1 Ali Kazemi Karyani alikazemi.k20@gmail.com 2 milad shfiei milad.shafii[at]ssu.ac.ir 3 elham tayefi e.tayefi2020@gmail.com 4 Associate Professor, Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Assistant Professor, Environmental Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Assistant Professor, Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran MSc student in Healthcare Management, Health Policy and Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Background: Health insurance is one of the financing mechanisms in the health sector that reduces expensive and unforeseen costs of the health care for households and converts these costs into predictable premiums. The purpose of this study was to identify the appropriate attributes and levels using the discrete choice experiments for health insurance, which can describe health care services appropriately. Methods: The present study is the result of a qualitative phase of the simultaneous analysis that was conducted in 2017 in Yazd and included several stages. First, the literature was reviewed through a search on valid websites to identify the related features. Later, 8 health insurance and health policy makers, sampled by snowball method, were interviewed and specific health insurance weighting characteristics were assessed. Eventually, the research team decided to include the traits and levels in the final design after several panel meetings with the experts. Results: The findings of this study showed that the most important attributes of health insurance included: public hospitals, and private hospitals benefits, outpatient services, drug service coverage, dental insurance coverage, Para clinical services, medication and medical equipment cost coverage, and monthly premium. Conclusion: Policymakers and health insurance organizations need to focus on health and premium benefit packages appropriate to people's ability to pay and community inflation to improve insurance coverage in this area. These attributes can help individuals to pay for health insurance and lead to changes in the insurance system of the country. They also enhance planning to improve basic insurance and increase the benefits of insurance packages. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.pdf Health insurance Public coverage Insurance package Preferences per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2020-06 5 1 69 79 article hiwa mirzaii hiwa95@yahoo.com 1 Shoresh Barkhordari shoreshb81@gmail.com 2 Nasrin Shaarbafchi-zadeh nshaarbafchi@gmail.com 3 Reza Rezayatmand reza.rezayatmand@gmail.com 4 faezeh akbari faeze.akbari14@yahoo.com 5 MSc student in Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MD student, School of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan , Iran Assistant Professor, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Assistant Professor, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran MSc student in Health Services Management, Students’ Research’ Committee, School of Management and Medical Information, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Objective: Public-private partnerships can provide the health systems with the required resources to prevent disease, render effective care services, and promote individual and community health. The purpose of this study was to review application of the public-private partnership model in the delivery and promotion of health services to investigate the scope of this model and its success in health systems. Information sources and selection methods for the study: This critical review was conducted by conducting a search in the databases of ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, ‌SID, and Magiran using a combination of the following keywords:  public-private partnership, health promotion, health delivery, health improvement, health service, health care services, and providing health services. No time limit was considered in the research process.  A total of 238 articles were extracted and reviewed. Results: Finally, 12 eligible articles were studied, which resulted in 4 main themes: public-private partnerships and prevention, public-private partnerships and infectious-communicable diseases, public-private partnerships and chronic diseases, and public- private partnerships and clinical health services design and information. Conclusion: The public-private partnerships were successful if supported and organized by the government. In most studied articles, the extent of private sector participation and its benefits were not clear. So, clarification of the interactions between these two sectors will increase the confidence of policymakers in public-private partnerships.   http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-297-en.pdf Public-private partnership Health services Health promotion Critical review