per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 247 247 article Mohsen Pakdaman 1 Assistant professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran No Abstract   http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf No Keywords per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 248 250 article Bahador Hajimohammadi 1 Emad Ahmadiara ahmaiarae@ut.ac.ir 2 Assistant Professor, Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Ph.D. of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Strategic management in the control of endemic parasitic diseases is essential according to their widespread negative consequences. Fascioliasis is one of the most common diseases of this kind in Iran. Preventing and controlling of this disease requires the formulation of a suitable strategic plan with rational goals and main strategies as same as the development, implementing and monitoring of operational programs. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf Endemic parasitic diseases Fascioliasis Strategic planning per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 251 259 article Mehrnoosh Jafari mehr_j134@yahoo.com 1 Javad Rezaiee 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Management and Human Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran MSc in Healthcare Management, School of Management and Human Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Background: The authentic leadership is a kind of behavioral pattern of leadership based on ethical perspectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational intelligence in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah. Methods: This research endeavor was an applied and correlational study. 291 participants from Emam Reza hospital were selected by random sampling. Data collected by using 2 standard questionnaires (Gardner et al. for authentic leadership) and (Albrecht for organizational intelligence). Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 21. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. Results: The results showed that there is a positive correlation between authentic leadership and organizational intelligence (r = 0.525, p < 0.001) and using this style promotes the organizational intelligence. Conclusion: Applying the authentic leadership style can improve the organizational intelligence.   http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf Authentic leadership Hospital Organizational intelligence per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 260 266 article Abolfazl Aliyari 1 Mohsen Seyed Mahmoudi 2 Roya Rajaee 3 Ali Ghorbani 4 Marziye Najafi marziyenajafi@yahoo.com 5 Ph.D. student of Healthcare Management, School of Management and Accounting, Azad University of South Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ph.D. student of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MSc in Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MSc in Medical Education, Bahonar Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran Ph.D. student of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: One of the dimensions of healthcare quality is providing care without delay, in a timely manner and without a long waiting time. The aim of this study was evaluating the average waiting time for an emergency medicine specialist visit in an emergency department. Methods: The present study is an applied cross-sectional study. The study population was traffic accident victim's records referred to the emergency department of a public hospital in Tehran city. Samples were calculated using the Cochran sample size formula of 114 people. Sampling was done as an available sampling. Data were collected by reviewing patients' records using a researcher-made checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and central indicators such as mean for describing research variables using SPSS 18 software. Results: In this study, the average waiting time for patients referred to the emergency department of this hospital was 25.73 minutes. The highest average waiting time for an emergency medicine specialist was 50.71 minutes for a triage level of 5, and the lowest average waiting time for the triage level was 1, with an average of 12.80 minutes. Conclusion: Providing national standard indicator for the average visit time of an emergency medicine specialist to determine patients' assignment and initiate treatment are required to be formulated and evaluated continuously. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf Waiting time Emergency medicine specialist Emergency department per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 267 284 article Reza Sepahvand 1 Zahra Solgi zahrasolgi65@gmail.com 2 Fatemeh Akbari Pasham 3 Associate Professor, Department of Business management, School of Economics and Administrative Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Ph.D. student of Human Resources Management, School of Economics and Administration, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Ph.D. student of Human Resources Management, School of Economics and Administration, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Background: The dispersed nature of knowledge in the health and treatment sector indicates that knowledge management in this section was not effective only by focusing on IT tools, and focusing on creating community of practice. Furthermore, paying attention to factors affecting the outcomes of this association can be considered as one of the alternative technologies to technology-based knowledge. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of Community of Practice and provide a model for their better management. Methods: This study is a quantitative- qualitative study. Data were collected by interview and data were collected through interviews with 25 managers and specialists of hospitals in Khorramabad selected by the purposeful sampling method. To analyze the data, interpretive structural modeling was used in the fuzzy environment. Results: This study led to identify and extract the 11 main factors affecting the effectiveness of community of practice. An integrated model of the effectiveness of community of practice was designed at 4 levels and in 11 stages, and the knowledge of sharing culture as the most effective factor as the cornerstone of the design model, has been identified. Furthermore, the expertise of the community members and the vision and clear goals of the organization, as the factors contributing more to the output of the community of practice, were placed at the next level. Conclusion: Identifying the sharing knowledge culture as the most influential factor in the effectiveness of community of practice, revealed the need for managers to promote the culture of sharing knowledge to exchange knowledge and experiences, and finally more effectiveness of expert communities of practice in health centers.   http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf Effectiveness Community of practice Teaching hospital per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 285 294 article Maryam Kheirmand 1 Reza Khadivi 2 Zahra Dana Siadat 3 Hamed Asgari asgari43@yahoo.com 4 MSc in Professional Health Engineering, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ph.D. student of Healthcare Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Background: One of the main concerns of policy makers and planners in the field of education and health has been to measure achievement of goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a one-month course of social medicine internship on knowledge, attitude and acquiring management, educational and individual skills after attending health centers and community. Methods: This applied cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan Medical School in 2014. The research community consisted of 96 medical students introduced to the social medicine internship course that were selected by the census method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed. Data were described by frequency, mean and descriptive standard deviation and analyzed by Chi-Square test (χ 2) in SPSS 16 software. Results: After passing the course, the improving period of management skills, communication and strengthen confidence with the frequency of 78 (81.3 %), 74 (77.1 %) and 70 (72.9 %) were more acceptable among the students. Less than 50 % of participants believed that this course was effective in the depth of previous trainings, determination of future educational path and facilitates an opportunity to share ideas with graduated doctors. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the new lesson plan of the social medicine course is effective in changing the attitude, management and communication skills of students; however, it cannot enhance the previous learning depth and determine the future educational path through participation of job ideas with graduated doctors. Therefore, it needs to be redefined. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf Social medicine Attitude Medical student Management skill per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 295 304 article Houshang Golzar golzarbs@gmail.com 1 Saeid Tahmasebi 2 Morad Alizadeh 3 Student of MPH, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, School of Basic Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, School of Basic Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran Background: Most of the reforms that have taken place in world health systems are aimed at increasing the efficiency, quality, and control of costs. By implementing the health system reform plan, the actual plan of medical services tariffs by communicating the relative value of health services instruction on October 2014 was started. One of the most important goals of the reform plan was to reduce out of pocket payment. This study was conducted to determine the amount of out of pocket payment of insured people covered by the health insurance organization in the selected hospitals in Bushehr province. Methods: The present analytical study was conducted on insured people hospitalization cases of health insurance organization in selected hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital, Shahid Ganji Hospital) in July, August, January, and February 2014 as the statistical population and the most common services used as the statistical sample. The data were collected using a researcher-made checklist and investigating the hospital records coded and analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Results: According to the results of the study, the average cost of the patient's share was 1050835 Rials in July, August to 611631 Rials in January, and February, which decreased by 42.00 %. The results of the study show that by implementing the relative value of services instruction, the share of the health insurance organization increased from 79.00 % to 84.00 % and the share of the patient's payments decreased from 8.00 % to 4.00 %. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the government has been able to achieve one of the goals of the health reform plan, which is reducing the out of pocket payment, by increasing health resources. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf Relative value Health cost Out of pocket Boushehr per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 305 314 article Razieh Montazeralfaraj 1 Mohammad Amin Bahrami 2 Javad Ghodosinejad 3 Alireza Zareie Zargaz zargaz21@yahoo.com 4 Assistant professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran Assistant professor, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran MSc student in Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Background: This study aimed to identify improvement opportunities in emergency department processes by value-stream mapping in Imam Reza hospital of Birjand. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out in 2017. Data were collected through observation and interviews. Time consumed for each step from registration to disposal was measured and documented on the value-stream map. Then in a group discussion session consisted of emergency personnel, the value-stream map was drawn and analyzed and the source of waste were identified. It was designed using Lean thinking techniques, and Edraw Max 6.7 software. Results: The results showed that the total attendance time in the emergency department was an average of 216.29 minutes, 143.6 minutes of which was spent on waiting for receiving services. After investigating the sources of waste, a suitable solving tool was proposed. In order to reduce the waiting time for reception and overcrowding, the "5Whys" method was used and further coordination with the Emergency Management Center and activation of overflow system was suggested. To reduce attendance time in the emergency department, "visual management" and "arrangement system "methods were proposed. Conclusion: The Lean thinking system is an approach to analyze processes and improve efficiency by focusing on the staff in order to provide the maximum value to the patient and improve patients' progress. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf Process modification Lean thinking Emergency department Value-stream mapping per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Management Strategies in Health System 2476-6879 2538-1563 2018-03 2 4 315 323 article Mohammad Amin Bahrami 1 Zoha Dori 2 Samaneh Entezarian Ardekani 3 Mohammad Javad Akbarian Bafghi 4 Razieh Montazeralfaraj استادیار، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، دانشکده بï 5 Associate Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran BSc student in Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran MSc student in Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Assistant professor, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Background: Students’ approaches to learning are vary from surface to deep approaches. These differences may be related to students’ perceptions from subject or educational environment, their prior academic experiences or performance assessment mechanisms. This study was aimed to examine the students’ Approaches to learning and its relationship with their academic engagement and qualitative performance in Yazd public health school. Methods: This analytical study was done cross-sectional during 2017-2018 in Yazd public health school. A total of 158 students contributed in the study. The required data was gathered by ASSIST (Tait, et al. 1997) as a measurement for learning approaches; Reeve & Tseng (2011) academic engagement and Pham & Taylor (1999) academic performance questionnaires. Data analysis was done through SPSS 20. Results: Our results showed that 21.5, 31.0 and 41.1 percent of participants have the preferred deep, surface and strategic learning approach, respectively and 6.3 % of them have no any preferred learning approach. Also, academic engagement scores of students with different approaches to learning were statistically different but the same result was not confirmed about students’ qualitative performance. Conclusion: Disapproval of the relationship between students’ approaches to learning and their qualitative performance can be attributed to the students’ performance assessment mechanisms. At the same time, due to the heterogeneity in the results of studies in this field, further studies are considered necessary. http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf Learning approach Academic engagement Academic performance Student