Volume 8, Issue 1 (2023)
Manage Strat Health Syst 2023, 8(1): 91-105 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1399.012
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ashrafi E, Mosadeghrad A M, Arab M. Internal and External Anti-corruption Solutions in Healthcare Organizations: A Scoping Review. Manage Strat Health Syst 2023; 8 (1) :91-105
URL: http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-563-en.html
URL: http://mshsj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-563-en.html
Professor, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (560 Views)
Objectives: Corruption means abusing the position and power delegated for personal gain, which undermines the performance of the organization and the quality of services provided to patients. The aim of this study was to identify and extract internal and external anti-corruption strategies in healthcare organizations.
Information sources and selected methods for study: This scoping review was performed on the published documents (57 items) until September 5, 2020. Search was conducted in English databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences and Scopus and also in Persian ones including SID and Magiran. There was also a manual search for anti-corruption strategies in relevant international organizations. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using MaxQDA 10 software.
Results: 57 studies and reports were selected to find strategies to fight corruption. The three main areas of solutions were identified as executive, legislative and judiciary powers. 16 strategies were extracted in the fields of executive (7 cases), legislative (5 cases) and judiciary (4 cases). Solutions regarding the Ministry of Health were categorized into 6 building blocks of health systems, including leadership / governance, service delivery, financing, health workforce, medical products, vaccines, technology, and the health information system.
Conclusion: Fighting corruption in healthcare organizations requires using a set of intra-sectoral and extra-sectoral solutions, and in this regard, policy-makers need to design and implement practical strategies based on the evidence presented in areas prone to corruption.
Information sources and selected methods for study: This scoping review was performed on the published documents (57 items) until September 5, 2020. Search was conducted in English databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences and Scopus and also in Persian ones including SID and Magiran. There was also a manual search for anti-corruption strategies in relevant international organizations. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using MaxQDA 10 software.
Results: 57 studies and reports were selected to find strategies to fight corruption. The three main areas of solutions were identified as executive, legislative and judiciary powers. 16 strategies were extracted in the fields of executive (7 cases), legislative (5 cases) and judiciary (4 cases). Solutions regarding the Ministry of Health were categorized into 6 building blocks of health systems, including leadership / governance, service delivery, financing, health workforce, medical products, vaccines, technology, and the health information system.
Conclusion: Fighting corruption in healthcare organizations requires using a set of intra-sectoral and extra-sectoral solutions, and in this regard, policy-makers need to design and implement practical strategies based on the evidence presented in areas prone to corruption.
References
1. 1) Vrijburg K, Hernández-Peña P. Global spending on health: weathering the storm 2020. World Health Organization: Switzerland, Geneve. 2020: 11.
2. 2) United Nations Development Programme. Fighting corruption in the health sector; methods, tools and good practices. UN: United States, New York. 2015: 27-37.
3. 3) Tormusa DO, Idom AM. The impediments of corruption on the efficiency of healthcare service delivery in Nigeria. Online Journal of Health Ethics 2016; 12(1): 3. doi: 10.18785/ojhe.1201.03.
4. 4) Transparency International. Corruption perceptions index 2013. Transparency International: Germany, Berlin. 2013: 1.
5. 5) Cavalieri M, Guccio C, Rizzo I. Does corruption and the institutional characteristics of the contracting authorities affect the execution of healthcare infrastructures?: an empirical investigation for Italy. Journal of Public Procurement 2018; 18(2): 148-64. doi: 10.1108/JOPP-06-2018-010.
6. 6) Hsiao A, Vogt V, Quentin W. Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa. PloS One 2019; 14(8): 1-12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224915.
7. 7) Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. OHCHR and good governance. Available from URL: https://ohchr.org/en/good-governance. Last access: mar 3, 2019.
8. 8) Salihu HA, Jafari A. Corruption and anti-corruption strategies in Iran: an overview of the preventive, detective and punitive measures. Journal of Money Laundering Control 2020; 23(1): 77-89. doi: 10.1108/JMLC-01-2019-0001.
9. 9) Transparency International. The global coalition against corruption. Transparency International: Germany, Berlin. 2018: 1.
10. 10) Rispel LC, De Jager P, Fonn S. Exploring corruption in the South African health sector. Health Policy and Planning 2016; 31(2): 239-49. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czv047.
11. 11) Munn Z, Peters MD, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2018; 18(143): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x.
12. 12) Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 2005; 8(1): 19-32. doi: 10.1080/1364557032000119616.
13. 13) Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science 2010; 5(69): 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69.
14. 14) Peters MD, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. International Journal of Evidence-based Healthcare 2015; 13(3): 141-6. doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050.
15. 15) Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006; 3(2): 77-101. doi: 10.1191/ 1478088706qp063oa.
16. 16) Mardali M, Nasiripour AA, Masoudi Asl I, Abedi Jafari H. Model of corruption measurement for Islamic Republic of Iran’s healthcare system. Iranian Journal of Medical Law 2018; 11(43): 127-46. [Persian]
17. 17) Directorate-General Home Affairs. Study on corruption in the healthcare sector. European Commission: Luxembourg. 2013: 97-141.
18. 18) World Health Organization. Integrating a focus on anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in health systems assessments. WHO: Switzerland, Geneve. 2018: 1-42.
19. 19) World Health Organization. Potential corruption risks in health financing arrangements: Report of a rapid review of the literature. WHO: Switzerland, Geneve. 2020: 8-27.
20. 20) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health care fraud and abuse control program report. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: United States, Washington, D.C. 2020: 11-125.
21. 21) Koller T, Clarke D, Vian T. Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability to achieve universal health coverage. Taylor & Francis 2020; 13(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1700660.
22. 22) Cohen JC, Montoya JC. Using technology to fight corruption in pharmaceutical purchasing: lessons learned from the Chilean experience. 2001: 1-8.
23. 23) U.S. Department of Justice. Health care fraud and abuse control program annual report for fiscal year 2016. U.S. Department of Justice: United States, Washington, D.C. 2020: 10-32.
24. 24) United Nations Development Programme. Fighting corruption in the health sector. UN: United States, New York. 2015: 20-39.
25. 25) Huss R, Green A, Sudarshan H, Karpagam Ss, Ramani KV, Tomson G, Gerein N. Good governance and corruption in the health sector: lessons from the Karnataka experience. Health Policy and Planning 2011; 26(6): 471-84. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czq080.
26. 26) Vian T, Brinkerhoff DW, Feeley FG, Salomon M, Vien NT. Confronting corruption in the health sector in Vietnam: patterns and prospects. Public Administration and Development 2012; 32(1): 49-63. doi: 10.1002/pad.1607.
27. 27) Hope Sr KR. Contextualizing corruption in the health sector in developing countries: reflections on policy to manage the risks. World Medical & Health Policy 2015; 7(4): 383-401. doi: 10.1002/wmh3.165.
28. 28) Kohler JC, Martinez MG, Petkov M, Sale J. Corruption in the pharmaceutical sector: diagnosing the challenges. University of Toronto 2016: 28-46.
29. 29) Kohler JC, Dimancesco D. The risk of corruption in public pharmaceutical procurement: how anti-corruption, transparency and accountability measures may reduce this risk. Glob Health Action 2020; 13(Suppl 1): 1694745. doi: 10.1080/16549716. 2019.1694745.
30. 30) Hussmann K. Addressing corruption in the health sector: securing equitable access to healthcare for everyone. U4 Issue 2011; 1: 7-21.
31. 31) Gaitonde R, Oxman AD, Okebukola PO, Rada G. Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; )8(: 1-72. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008856.pub2.
32. 32) Vian T. Anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in health: concepts, frameworks, and approaches. Global Health Action 2020; 13(sup1): 1694744. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1694744.
33. 33) Aregbeshola BS. Institutional corruption, health-sector reforms, and health status in Nigeria. The Lancet 2016; 388(10046): 757. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31365-4.
34. 34) Agbenorku P. Corruption in Ghanaian healthcare system: the consequences. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2012; 3(10): 622-30.
35. 35) Mackey TK, Liang BA. Combating healthcare corruption and fraud with improved global health governance. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2012; 12(1): 23. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-12-23.
36. 36) Aoun M, Alaaraj H, Alam F. Curbing financial corruption in Lebanese healthcare sector. Journal of Management Info 2020; 7(1): 10-5. doi: 10.31580/jmi.v7i1.1343.
37. 37) Mackey TK, Vian T, Kohler J. The sustainable development goals as a framework to combat health-sector corruption. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2018; 96(9): 634. doi: 10.2471/BLT.18.209502.
38. 38) Hoffmann LK, Patel RN. Collective action on corruption in Nigeria: a social norms approach to connecting society and institutions. Chatham House London 2017: 1-10.
39. 39) Nicolay CR. The organizational health of healthcare organisations: the concept and its measure [Ph.D. thesis]. London: Imperial College London; 2015.
40. 40) Batyrgareieva VS, Babenko AM, Kaija S. Corruption in medical sphere of Ukraine: current situation and ways of prevention. Wiadomosci lekarskie 2019; 72(9 cz 2): 1814-21.
41. 41) Bertot JC, Jaeger PT, Grimes JM. Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: e-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly 2010; 27(3): 264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001.
42. 42) Chattopadhyay S. Corruption in healthcare and medicine: why should physicians and bioethicists care and what should they do. Indian J Med Ethics 2013; 10(3): 153-9. doi: 10.20529/IJME.2013.049.
43. 43) Clarke D. Changing the conversation, why we need to reframe corruption as a public health issue comment on "we need to talk about corruption in health systems". International journal of Health Policy and Management 2020; 9(6): 257-9. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.124.
44. 44) FallahMortezaNejad S, Delpasand K, EslamiKenarsari H. Corruption in hospitals, causes and prevention. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics 2020; 7(1): 60-7. doi: 10.29252/jhsme.7.1.60. [Persian]
45. 45) Garattini L, Padula A. Dual practice of hospital staff doctors: hippocratic or hypocritic?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2018; 111(8): 265-9. doi: 10.1177/0141076818783332.
46. 46) Gutorova N, Soloviov O, Olejnik D. Improper healthcare marketing: German and Ukrainian experience in prevention. Wiadomosci lekarskie 2019; 72(12 cz 2): 2404-9.
47. 47) Gyalrong-Steur M, Kellermann A, Bernard R, Berndt G, Bindemann M, Nusser-Rothermundt E, et al. [HERA-QUEST: HTA evaluation of generic pharmaceutical products to improve quality, economic efficiency, patient safety and transparency in drug product changes in hospitals]. Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen 2017; 121: 5-13. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2017.01.002.
48. 48) Hunter M, Uwaydah Mardini R, El-Seblani A, Elsayed S. Anti-corruption, transparency and accountability: case study of healthcare in the Arab countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020; 13(sup1): 1704529. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1704529.
49. 49) Kirya MT. Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in the recruitment and promotion of health workers to safeguard health outcomes. Global Health Action 2020; 13(sup1): 1701326. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1701326.
50. 50) Mackey TK. Opening the policy window to mobilize action against corruption in the health sector: comment on" we need to talk about corruption in health systems". International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2019; 8(11): 668. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.65.
51. 51) Shim DC, Eom TH. E-government and anti-corruption: empirical analysis of international data. Intl Journal of Public Administration 2008; 31(3): 298-316. doi: 10.1080/01900690701590553.
52. 52) Short A, Phillips R, Nugus P, Dugdale P, Greenfield D. Developing an inter-organizational community-based health network: an Australian investigation. Health Promotion International 2015; 30(4): 868-80. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau021.
53. 53) Stiernstedt P. Some things are rarely discussed in public - on the discourse of corruption in healthcare comment on "we need to talk about corruption in health systems". International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2019; 8(9): 560-2. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.51.
54. 54) Agwu P, Ogbozor P, Odii A, Orjiakor C, Onwujekwe O. Private money-making indulgence and inefficiency of primary healthcare in Nigeria: a qualitative study of health workers’ absenteeism. International Journal of Public Health 2020; 65: 1019-26. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01405-3.
55. 55) Sommersguter-Reichmann M, Stepan A. Hospital physician payment mechanisms in Austria: do they provide gateways to institutional corruption?. Health Economics Review 2017; 7(1): 1-13. doi: 10.1186/ s13561-017-0148-4.
56. 56) Health Policy Analysis Center. Health systems in transition- Kyrgyzstan, health system review. Health Policy Analysis Center: Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek. 2011: 15-47.
57. 57) Kim PS. Building national integrity through corruption eradication in South Korea. International Public Management Review 2007; 8(2): 138-63.
58. 58) U.S. Department of Justice. Health care fraud and abuse control program: indicators provide information on program accomplishments, but assessing program effectiveness is difficult. U.S. Department of Justice: United States, Washington, D.C. 2013: 1-70.
59. 59) Mackey TK, Kohler JC, Lewis M, Vian T. Combating corruption in global health. Science Translational Medicine 2017; 9(402): eaaf9547. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9547.
60. 60) Juwita R. Good governance and anti-corruption: responsibility to protect universal health care in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review 2018; 4(2): 162-80. doi: 10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1424.
61. 61) Previtali P, Cerchiello P. The prevention of corruption as an unavoidable way to ensure healthcare system sustainability. Sustainability 2018; 10(9): 3071. doi: 10.3390/su10093071.
62. 62) Wierzynska A, Steingrüber S, Oroxom R, Bauhoff S. Recalibrating the anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability formula to advance public health. Global Health Action 2020; 13(sup1): 1701327. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1701327.
63. 63) Ajlouni MT. Integrity and corruption in the health sector in Jordan: the perceptions of leaders of non-government health organizations (NGHOs). International Business Research 2017; 10(2): 95-103.
64. 64) Rivoiro C. The risk for illegal behaviour and corruption in the healthcare sector: what preventive measures can be taken?. Recenti Progressi in Medicina 2016; 107(5): 209-12. doi: 10.1701/ 2260.24328.
65. 65) Joodaki H, Rashidian A. Review of corruption in the health sector: theory, methods and interventions. JHOSP 2010; 8(3): 82-100. [Persian]
66. 66) Cokgezen M. Corruption in Kyrgyzstan: the facts, causes and consequences. Central Asian Survey 2010; 23(1): 79-94. doi: 10.1080/02634930410001711198.
67. 67) Peltier-Rivest D. The prevention and detection of corruption in pharmaceutical companies. Pharmaceuticals Policy and Law 2017; 19(1-2): 17-31. doi: 10.3233/PPL-170451.
68. 68) Abu Amuna YM, Abu Mouamer F. Impact of applying fraud detection and prevention instruments in reducing occupational fraud: case study: ministry of health (MOH) in Gaza Strip. International Journal of Advanced Studies of Scientific Research 2020; 4(6): 35-45.
69. 69) Osterhaus A. Whistleblowing: An Effective Tool in the Fight Against Corruption. Transparency International: Germany, Berlin. 2010: 1-8.
70. 70) Von Haldenwang C. Electronic government (e-government) and development. The European Journal of Development Research 2004; 16(2): 417-32. doi: 10.1080/0957881042000220886.
71. 71) Slot B, De Swart L, Weistra K, van Wanrooij N, Raets T. Updated study on corruption in the healthcare sector. Final Report Brussels: European Commission, Luxembourg. 2017: 26-145.
72. 72) World Health Organization. Reinforcing the focus on anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in national health policies, strategies and plans. WHO: Switzerland, Geneve. 2019: 7-26.
73. 73) Haroon MZ. Corruption in healthcare system: an obstacle in achieving optimal outcome. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 2014; 26(2): 109-10.
74. 74) Mackey TK, Cuomo RE. An interdisciplinary review of digital technologies to facilitate anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in medicines procurement. Global Health Action 2020; 13(1): 1-14. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1695241.
75. 75) Lambert-Mogiliansky A. Social accountability to contain corruption. Journal of Development Economics 2015; 116: 158-68. doi: 10.1016/ j.jdeveco.2015.04.006.
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
